Video Kodlama (Encoding)

Video kodlama (encoding ya da transcoding), bir videoyu web oynatıcı (player) ya da mobil cihaz türüyle uyumlu dijital formata dönüştürme işlemidir .

Videolar Neden Kodlanır?

Videoların hepsi, bilgisayarlar, mobil cihazlar, tabletler ve set üstü kutuları üzerinden seyredilebilmesi için bir “kodlama” sürecinden geçirilir. Bunun nedeni, farklı tarayıcıların, video oynatıcıların ve cihazların farklı formatları desteklemesi veya oynatabilmesidir. 

Video Kodlama Formatları

Her video formatı kendi özelliklerine sahiptir. Videolar, kendi video ya da audio codec’leri (kod çözücü), kendi video ve ses hızları ve container’ları ile birlikte gelirler. Dolayısıyla bilgisayarlar, tabletler ve akıllı telefonlar aynı video formatını desteklemeyebilecekleri için bir videonun seyredilebilmesi için istenen formatta kodlanmasını gereklidir.

Video Codec (Kod Çözücü)

Video Kod çözücü (Codec), dijital videonun sıkıştırılmasını veya geriye açılmasını sağlayan ve algoritmaya dayanan bir yazılımdır. Videolar eskiden manyetik bantlar üzerinde tutulurdu, ancak dijital formatın tanıtımıyla birlikte mühendislerin fiziksel videoları dijital olanlara dönüştürmenin bir yolunu bulması gerekiyordu. Bu amaçla, video codec geliştirdiler. En popüler video codec’leri DivX, Xvid, H264, VP8, WMV’dir . Tanınan codec’lerin tam listesini altta bulabilirsiniz.

Ses Codec (Kod Çözücü)

Ses Kod Çözücüsü (Codec), dijital ses verilerinin sıkıştırılması ve sıkıştırılmış sesin geri çözülmesi için ve algoritma kullanan bir bilgisayar programıdır. Yeni veriler daha sonra MP3 gibi bir ses dosyası biçiminde  saklanır. Ses kod çözümleyicilerinin listesini aşağıda bulabilirsiniz.

Bilinen Video Format ve Codec’leri

Video Formats

  • 3GP2 format
  • 3GP format
  • 4X Technologies format
  • a64 – video for Commodore 64
  • raw ADTS AAC
  • raw AC-3
  • ACT Voice file format
  • Artworx Data Format
  • ADTS AAC
  • CRI ADX
  • MD STUDIO audio
  • Audio IFF
  • PCM A-law format
  • 3GPP AMR file format
  • Deluxe Paint Animation
  • CRYO APC format
  • Monkey’s Audio
  • ASF format
  • ASF format
  • Advanced SubStation Alpha subtitle format
  • SUN AU format
  • AVI format
  • Flash 9 (AVM2) format
  • AVS format
  • Bethesda Softworks VID format
  • Brute Force & Ignorance
  • Binary text
  • Bink
  • G.729 BIT file format
  • Discworld II BMV
  • Interplay C93
  • Apple Core Audio Format
  • raw Chinese AVS video
  • CD Graphics Format
  • Commodore CDXL video format
  • CRC testing format
  • D-Cinema audio format
  • Chronomaster DFA
  • raw Dirac
  • raw DNxHD (SMPTE VC-3)
  • Delphine Software International CIN format
  • raw DTS
  • DV video format
  • MPEG-2 PS format (DVD VOB)
  • DXA
  • Electronic Arts Multimedia Format
  • Electronic Arts cdata
  • raw E-AC-3
  • PCM 32 bit floating-point big-endian format
  • PCM 32 bit floating-point little-endian format
  • PCM 64 bit floating-point big-endian format
  • PCM 64 bit floating-point little-endian format
  • FFM (FFserver live feed) format
  • FFmpeg metadata in text format
  • Sega FILM/CPK format
  • Adobe Filmstrip
  • raw FLAC
  • FLI/FLC/FLX animation format
  • FLV format
  • framecrc testing format
  • Per-frame MD5 testing format
  • raw G.722
  • raw G.723.1
  • G.729 raw format demuxer
  • GIF Animation
  • raw GSM
  • GXF format
  • raw H.261
  • raw H.263
  • raw H.264 video format
  • Apple HTTP Live Streaming format
  • Microsoft Windows ICO
  • id Cinematic format
  • iCE Draw File
  • Interchange File Format
  • image2 sequence
  • piped image2 sequence
  • raw Ingenient MJPEG
  • Interplay MVE format
  • iPod H.264 MP4 format
  • ISMV/ISMA (Smooth Streaming) format
  • Funcom ISS format
  • A format generated by IndigoVision 8000 video server
  • On2 IVF
  • JACOsub subtitle format
  • Bitmap Brothers JV
  • LOAS/LATM
  • Libavfilter virtual input device
  • lmlm4 raw format
  • LOAS AudioSyncStream
  • VR native stream format (LXF)
  • raw MPEG-4 video format
  • Matroska file format
  • Matroska/WebM file format
  • MD5 testing format
  • Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes
  • MicroDVD subtitle format
  • raw MJPEG video
  • extract pts as timecode v2 format, as defined by mkvtoolnix
  • raw MLP
  • American Laser Games MM format
  • Yamaha SMAF
  • MOV format
  • 3g2,mj2 QuickTime/MPEG-4/Motion JPEG 2000 format
  • MPEG audio layer 2
  • MPEG audio layer 3
  • MP4 format
  • Musepack
  • Musepack SV8
  • MPEG-1 System format
  • raw MPEG-1 video
  • raw MPEG-2 video
  • MPEG-2 transport stream format
  • MPEG-2 raw transport stream format
  • raw MPEG video
  • MIME multipart JPEG format
  • MSN TCP Webcam stream
  • MTV format
  • PCM mu-law format
  • Motion Pixels MVI format
  • Material eXchange Format
  • Material eXchange Format, D-10 Mapping
  • MxPEG clip file format
  • NC camera feed format
  • Nullsoft Streaming Video
  • raw null video format
  • NUT format
  • NuppelVideo format
  • Ogg
  • Sony OpenMG audio
  • Playstation Portable PMP format
  • PSP MP4 format
  • Sony Playstation STR format
  • TechnoTrend PVA file and stream format
  • QCP format
  • REDCODE R3D format
  • raw video format
  • VC-1 test bitstream
  • RL2 format
  • RealMedia format
  • raw id RoQ format
  • RPL/ARMovie format
  • Lego Mindstorms RSO format
  • RTP output format
  • RTSP output format
  • PCM signed 16 bit big-endian format
  • PCM signed 16 bit little-endian format
  • PCM signed 24 bit big-endian format
  • PCM signed 24 bit little-endian format
  • PCM signed 32 bit big-endian format
  • PCM signed 32 bit little-endian format
  • PCM signed 8 bit format
  • SAP output format
  • SBaGen binaural beats script
  • SDL output device
  • SDP
  • segment muxer
  • raw Shorten
  • Beam Software SIFF
  • Loki SDL MJPEG
  • Smacker video
  • Sierra SOL format
  • SoX native format
  • IEC 61937 (used on S/PDIF – IEC958)
  • SubRip subtitle format
  • MPEG-2 PS format (VOB)
  • Flash format
  • THP
  • Tiertex Limited SEQ format
  • 8088flex TMV
  • raw TrueHD
  • True Audio
  • Tele-typewriter
  • Renderware TeXture Dictionary
  • PCM unsigned 16 bit big-endian format
  • PCM unsigned 16 bit little-endian format
  • PCM unsigned 24 bit big-endian format
  • PCM unsigned 24 bit little-endian format
  • PCM unsigned 32 bit big-endian format
  • PCM unsigned 32 bit little-endian format
  • PCM unsigned 8 bit format
  • raw VC-1
  • VC-1 test bitstream format
  • MPEG-1 System format (VCD)
  • Sierra VMD format
  • MPEG-2 PS format (VOB)
  • Creative Voice file format
  • Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) TwinVQ
  • Sony Wave64 format
  • WAV format
  • Wing Commander III movie format
  • WebM file format
  • Westwood Studios audio format
  • Westwood Studios VQA format
  • Windows Television (WTV)
  • WavPack
  • Maxis XA File Format
  • eXtended BINary text (XBIN)
  • Microsoft XMV
  • Microsoft xWMA
  • Psygnosis YOP Format
  • YUV4MPEG pipe format

Video Codecs

  • 4X Movie
  • QuickTime 8BPS video
  • Autodesk RLE
  • AMV Video
  • Deluxe Paint Animation
  • ASCII/ANSI art
  • ASUS V1
  • ASUS V2
  • Auravision AURA
  • Auravision Aura 2
  • AVS (Audio Video Standard) video
  • Bethesda VID video
  • Brute Force & Ignorance
  • Bink video
  • Binary text
  • Discworld II BMV video
  • Interplay C93
  • CamStudio
  • TechSmith Screen Capture Codec
  • Chinese AVS video (AVS1-P2, JiZhun profile)
  • CD Graphics video
  • Commodore CDXL video
  • Cinepak
  • Creative YUV (CYUV)
  • Chronomaster DFA
  • BBC Dirac VC-2
  • VC3/DNxHD
  • Delphine Software International CIN video
  • DV (Digital Video)
  • Feeble Files/ScummVM DXA
  • Dxtory
  • Electronic Arts CMV video
  • Electronic Arts Madcow Video
  • Electronic Arts TGQ video
  • Electronic Arts TGV video
  • Electronic Arts TQI Video
  • Escape 124
  • Escape 130
  • OpenEXR image
  • Flash Screen Video
  • Flash Screen Video Version 2
  • Autodesk Animator Flic video
  • Flash Video (FLV) / Sorenson Spark / Sorenson H.263
  • Fraps
  • Forward Uncompressed
  • Intel H.263
  • H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10
  • id Quake II CIN video
  • iCEDraw text
  • IFF ByteRun1
  • IFF ILBM
  • Intel Indeo 2
  • Intel Indeo 3
  • Intel Indeo Video Interactive 4
  • Intel Indeo Video Interactive 5
  • Interplay MVE video
  • Bitmap Brothers JV video
  • Kega Game Video
  • Karl Morton’s video codec
  • Lagarith lossless
  • libvorbis Vorbis
  • libvpx VP8
  • LOCO
  • Sony PlayStation MDEC (Motion DECoder)
  • Mimic
  • Apple MJPEG-B
  • American Laser Games MM Video
  • Motion Pixels video
  • MPEG-1 video
  • MPEG-1/2 video XvMC (X-Video Motion Compensation)
  • MPEG-4 part 2 Microsoft variant version 1
  • Microsoft RLE
  • Microsoft Video-1
  • LCL (LossLess Codec Library) MSZH
  • Mobotix MxPEG video
  • NuppelVideo/RTJPEG
  • Pictor/PC Paint
  • Apple ProRes (iCodec Pro)
  • V.Flash PTX image
  • Apple QuickDraw
  • Q-team QPEG
  • RL2 video
  • QuickTime video (RPZA)
  • RealVideo 3.0
  • RealVideo 4.0
  • Smacker video
  • QuickTime Graphics (SMC)
  • Sunplus JPEG (SP5X)
  • Sorenson Vector Quantizer 1 / Sorenson Video 1 / SVQ1
  • Sorenson Vector Quantizer 3 / Sorenson Video 3 / SVQ3
  • Theora
  • Nintendo Gamecube THP video
  • Tiertex Limited SEQ video
  • 8088flex TMV
  • Duck TrueMotion 1.0
  • Duck TrueMotion 2.0
  • VQF TwinVQ
  • Renderware TXD (TeXture Dictionary) image
  • IBM UltiMotion
  • Ut Video
  • Uncompressed 4:2:2 10-bit
  • Beam Software VB
  • VBLE Lossless Codec
  • SMPTE VC-1
  • Windows Media Video 9 Image v2
  • ATI VCR1
  • Sierra VMD video
  • VMware Screen Codec / VMware Video
  • Vorbis
  • On2 VP3
  • On2 VP5
  • On2 VP6
  • On2 VP6 (Flash version, with alpha channel)
  • On2 VP6 (Flash version)
  • On2 VP8
  • Westwood Studios VQA (Vector Quantized Animation) videoWindows Media Video 7
  • Windows Media Video 8
  • Windows Media Video 9
  • Windows Media Video 9 Image
  • Winnov WNV1
  • Wing Commander III / Xan
  • Wing Commander IV / Xxan
  • eXtended BINary text
  • Miro VideoXL
  • Psygnosis YOP Video
  • ZeroCodec Lossless Video
  • Zip Motion Blocks Video

Audio Codecs

  • 8SVX exponential
  • 8SVX fibonacci
  • Advanced Audio Coding
  • AAC LATM (Advanced Audio Codec LATM syntax)
  • ATSC A/52A (AC-3)
  • ATSC A/52A (AC-3)
  • ADPCM 4X Movie
  • SEGA CRI ADX ADPCM
  • ADPCM Creative Technology
  • ADPCM Electronic Arts
  • ADPCM Electronic Arts Maxis CDROM XA
  • ADPCM Electronic Arts R1
  • ADPCM Electronic Arts R2
  • ADPCM Electronic Arts R3
  • ADPCM Electronic Arts XAS
  • ADPCM IMA AMV
  • ADPCM IMA CRYO APC
  • ADPCM IMA Duck DK3
  • ADPCM IMA Duck DK4
  • ADPCM IMA Electronic Arts EACS
  • ADPCM IMA Electronic Arts SEAD
  • ADPCM IMA Funcom ISS
  • ADPCM IMA QuickTime
  • ADPCM IMA Loki SDL MJPEG
  • ADPCM IMA WAV
  • ADPCM IMA Westwood
  • ADPCM Microsoft
  • ADPCM Sound Blaster Pro 2-bit
  • ADPCM Sound Blaster Pro 2.6-bit
  • ADPCM Sound Blaster Pro 4-bit
  • ADPCM Shockwave Flash
  • ADPCM Nintendo Gamecube THP
  • ADPCM CDROM XA
  • ADPCM Yamaha
  • ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec)
  • MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding (ALS)
  • Adaptive Multi-Rate NarrowBand
  • Adaptive Multi-Rate WideBand
  • Monkey’s Audio
  • Advanced SubStation Alpha subtitle
  • Atrac 1 (Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding)
  • Atrac 3 (Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding 3)
  • Bink Audio (DCT)
  • Bink Audio (RDFT)
  • Discworld II BMV audio
  • COOK
  • DCA (DTS Coherent Acoustics)
  • Delphine Software International CIN audio
  • ATSC A/52 E-AC-3
  • FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec)
  • G.722 ADPCM
  • G.726 ADPCM
  • G.729
  • GSM
  • GSM Microsoft variant
  • IMC (Intel Music Coder)
  • DPCM Interplay
  • libfaac AAC (Advanced Audio Codec)
  • OpenCORE Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Narrow-Band
  • OpenCORE Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Wide-Band
  • MACE (Macintosh Audio Compression/Expansion) 3:1
  • MACE (Macintosh Audio Compression/Expansion) 6:1
  • MLP (Meridian Lossless Packing)
  • MP1 (MPEG audio layer 1)
  • MP1 (MPEG audio layer 1)
  • MP2 (MPEG audio layer 2)
  • MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
  • ADU (Application Data Unit) MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
  • ADU (Application Data Unit) MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
  • MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
  • MP3onMP4
  • MP3onMP4
  • Musepack SV7
  • Musepack SV8
  • Nellymoser Asao
  • PCM A-law / G.711 A-law
  • PCM signed 16|20|24-bit big-endian for Blu-ray media
  • PCM signed 20|24-bit big-endian
  • PCM signed 20-bit little-endian planar
  • PCM 16-bit little-endian planar
  • PCM signed 8-bit planar
  • PCM Zork
  • QCELP / PureVoice
  • QDesign Music Codec 2
  • RealAudio Lossless
  • RealAudio 2.0 (28.8K)
  • SMPTE 302M
  • Shorten
  • RealAudio SIPR / ACELP.NET
  • Smacker audio
  • DPCM Sol
  • TrueHD
  • DSP Group TrueSpeech
  • True Audio (TTA)
  • VQF TwinVQ
  • Sierra VMD audio
  • Wave synthesis pseudo-codec
  • WavPack
  • Windows Media Audio Lossless
  • Windows Media Audio 9 Professional
  • Windows Media Audio 1
  • Windows Media Audio 2
  • Windows Media Audio Voice
  • Westwood Audio (SND1)
  • DPCM Xan
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